AI Special Feature: AI-Assisted Substitution Decisions: A Fuzzy Logic Approach to Real-Time Game Management

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With millions on the line every match, top soccer clubs still make critical substitution decisions based largely on intuition. This paper introduces an AI-powered Decision Support System (DSS) that brings data-driven rigor to one of the game’s most crucial tactical moments. Using fuzzy logic to model expert coaching knowledge, our system provides real-time substitution priorities by integrating validated performance metrics (playerankScore), fatigue (minutesPlayed), age, and disciplinary risk (TemCartaoAmarelo). A key innovation is its contextual logic, which modulates disciplinary risk based on a player’s tactical position (roleCluster), reflecting deeper tactical awareness. Validation through case studies confirms the system’s ability to balance conflicting factors and escalate priority in high-risk scenarios, providing a tangible competitive advantage for real-time game management when every decision counts.Read More

Beyond Expected Goals: A Possession-Aware View of Chance Creation in Soccer

A person with headphones monitors multiple screens displaying sports statistics and a live soccer match in a stadium setting.

Beyond Expected Goals (xG+) redefines how we measure scoring danger in soccer by valuing not just shots—but the moments that create them. By combining the probability of taking a shot with the chance of scoring it, xG+ captures players’ true creative impact, better predicts team performance, and finally gives credit for the skill that happens before the shot.Read More

Optimal Substitution Time

Composite image of football Research Note Optimal Substitution Time Authors: Kaishu Mason, WG'25 Paul Sabin, Senior Sports Analytics Fellow, Wharton Sports Analytics and Business Initiative Published: October 31, 2024 The Greatest Game In the 2022 World Cup final against Argentina, France was down two goals as their hope of repeating as World Cup ChampionsRead More